Saturday, May 23, 2020

Consejos para casarse como turista en Estados Unidos

Si està ¡ en Estados Unidos como turista y està ¡ considerando la posibilidad de casarse y le asaltan las dudas sobre si puede hacerlo, la respuesta es que sà ­, es posible casarse con una visa de turista en Estados Unidos. Otra cosa muy distinta es poder quedarse legalmente en el paà ­s y conseguir la tarjeta de residencia por matrimonio. Si esto es lo que se pretende, es altamente recomendable leer con mà ¡xima atencià ³n este artà ­culo y evitar errores que pueden costar muy caro. En este artà ­culo se explica cuà ¡les pueden ser los problemas para los extranjeros que entran a Estados Unidos con una visa de turista y se casan con un ciudadano americano. Asimismo, se hace referencia a las opciones legales para evitar problemas.  ¿Quià ©nes son turistas desde el punto de vista migratorio? Esta pregunta puede parecer una tonterà ­a, pero no lo es. Son turistas los que entraron con esa visa, pero tambià ©n  los espaà ±oles y los chilenos que viajan a Estados Unidos como turistas y sin visa, por formar parte del grupo de paà ­ses para los que rige el Programa de Exencià ³n de Visados. En estos casos espaà ±oles y chilenos, en la mayorà ­a de los casos, solamente  tienen una autorizacià ³n electrà ³nica que se conoce como ESTA que les permite estar en el paà ­s por un mà ¡ximo de 90 dà ­as, que jamà ¡s se pueden extender.   Tanto los turistas con visa como los que sà ³lo tienen la ESTA pueden casarse en Estados Unidos.   Otra cosa distinta es que el matrimonio, à ºnicamente por sà ­ mismo, produzca efectos migratorios. Requerimientos civiles  para casarse y que el matrimonio tenga efectos migratorios Hay que cumplir con los requisitos del estado o, en su caso, el condado o municipalidad  en el que se celebra el matrimonio.   Destacar que en todos los estados de Estados Unidos asà ­ como en los territorios que componen la Commonwealth -como por ejemplo Puerto Rico-  es legal el matrimonio entre personas del mismo sexo. Por otra parte, en ninguno està ¡ permitido la bigamia, es decir, estar casado al mismo tiempo con mà ¡s de una persona. Asuntos y precauciones migratorias que deben tenerse en cuenta En teorà ­a, cuando un extranjero que està ¡ en Estados Unidos como turista y un ciudadano estadounidense contraen matrimonio, el cà ³nyuge extranjero deberà ­a salir del paà ­s antes de que expire su autorizacià ³n para quedarse legalmente. A continuacià ³n, si asà ­ lo desean, el ciudadano pedirà ­a a su cà ³nyuge mediante un procedimiento consular y mientras esperar fuera de los Estados Unidos a que llegue el  momento de la entrevista en el consulado y se obtenga la visa de inmigrante. Pero lo cierto es que en la prà ¡ctica en muchos casos eso no ocurre asà ­ y el cà ³nyuge extranjero decide quedarse en los Estados Unidos mientras se tramita los papeles. Para evitar problemas migratorios muy serios es aconsejable tener en cuenta la siguiente informacià ³n: Primero: evitar problemas relacionados con la intencià ³n, o lo que en inglà ©s se conoce como intent.   Cuando persona que entra en Estados Unidos como turista debe tener necesariamente esa intencià ³n: pasear por el paà ­s y antes de que se le acabe la visa o el periodo de estancia legal debe regresar a su paà ­s. Y nunca debe ingresar al paà ­s con la intencià ³n de contraer matrimonio. Cosa muy distinta y que puede admitirse es que dos personas decidan en un instante casarse. Es decir, que cuando el extranjero llegà ³ a USA no tenà ­a esa idea pero el amor a veces es impulsivo y se puede cambiar de opinià ³n. Pero,  ¿cà ³mo evitar problemas y estar en condicià ³n de poder demostrar que la intencià ³n de casarse no existà ­a antes de entrar al paà ­s? Hasta hace poco, eso se garantizaba  siguiendo la regla 30/60 que una norma del Departamento de Estado que el USCIS solà ­a  aplicar en los casos de matrimonios entre extranjeros y ciudadanos americanos y que deberà ­a entenderse asà ­: Cuando se pedà ­a  un ajuste de estatus por matrimonio en los 30 dà ­as siguientes a la llegada del extranjero, se presumà ­a que se estaba actuando de mala fe. En otras palabras, que su intencià ³n fue siempre casarse y que, por lo tanto, no debà ­a concederse la peticià ³n de  ajuste de estatus. Cuando se solicitaba entre el dà ­a 31 y el 60 habà ­a y una fuerte sospecha de que puede haber habido una intencià ³n de contraer matrimonio desde el principio. En esos casos habà ­a que esperar un examen muy exhaustivo del matrimonio y de sus intenciones. Sin embargo, la cantidad de dà ­as ha cambiado recientemente con la Administracià ³n Trump. Segà ºn un comunicado del Departamento de Estado, se considerarà ¡ salvo raras excepciones que los matrimonios con el objetivo de pedir un ajuste de estatus celebrados en los 90 dà ­as siguientes al ingreso a Estados Unidos son un fraude de ley. Y la consecuencia de ello es que no se aprobarà ¡ el ajuste de estatus, no se renovarà ¡ la visa, que podrà ¡ ser cancelada, no se aprobarà ¡ ningà ºn cambio de visa y, si el extranjero permanece en Estados Unidos, se convierte en elegible para la deportacià ³n. Este es un cambio importante y muy serio. Es importante entender que no importa que familiares y amigos no tuvieron problemas por este asunto en el pasado. Las reglas han cambiado y lo que importa es lo que se aplica en estos momentos. Segundo: tener claro el proceso de  residencia por matrimonio  y todos los requerimientos.  La tramitacià ³n costa bà ¡sicamente de dos partes. Por un lado la peticià ³n per se y por otra el ajuste de estatus. Pero antes de comenzar asegurarse de que se cumplen requerimientos bà ¡sicos como, por ejemplo, el de ingresos mà ­nimos para patrocinar. Tercero: es muy importante tener en cuenta que mientras dura este proceso, la estancia del cà ³nyuge extranjero probablemente se encuentre por varios meses no cubierta desde el punto de vista migratorio por una visa o por la ESTA. Es por ello que no se debe salir de Estados Unidos. Lo recomendable es permanecer dentro del paà ­s o bien hasta que reciba la tarjeta de residente o bien un permiso que se conoce como advance parole. Si sale antes o sin esa autorizacià ³n, se arriesga a que cuando quiera regresar se le prohà ­ba la entrada en la frontera de EEUU. Incluso es recomendable consultar con un abogado si conviene salir aà ºn teniendo el advance parole. Cuarto: tener muy claro que en este artà ­culo siempre se habla de matrimonio con un ciudadano americano y nunca del caso de una pareja conformada por extranjero turista y residente permanente. Y es que estos casos son muy diferentes ya que si el turista se queda sin la proteccià ³n legal de la visa o de la ESTA porque permanece en el paà ­s mà ¡s tiempo del permitido no va a poder ajustar su estatus y, por lo tanto, no va a poder obtener la residencia dentro de los Estados Unidos. Esta es una gran diferencia desde el punto de vista migratorio. Quinto: tener en cuenta que siempre se habla de turista que ingresà ³ con visa o con ESTA. Nada de lo que dice este artà ­culo aplica a los migrantes que llegaron a los Estados Unidos sin pasar por un control migratorio, es decir, aquellos que ingresaron ilegalmente por la frontera. Estas personas no pueden nunca ajustar su estatus por matrimonio. Sexto: no olvidar que los problemas pueden comenzar en el control migratorio. Es perfectamente posible que el oficial de Inmigracià ³n en la frontera de Estados Unidos (puerto, aeropuerto o frontera terrestre) prohà ­ba la entrada de un extranjero con una visa de turista cuando sospeche que su intencià ³n es venir al paà ­s para casarse. El oficial de Inmigracià ³n siempre tienen una pequeà ±a conversacià ³n con la persona que procesa (y se recomienda no mentir) y  puede llegar a la conclusià ³n de que viene a casarse. Ademà ¡s, pueden abrir el equipaje y descubrir cosas sospechosas como el traje de novia, regalos, muchà ­simas maletas para un viaje en teorà ­a de sà ³lo un par de semanas, etc. En estos casos, Inmigracià ³n està ¡ en su derecho de prohibir la entrada del extranjero, por mucha visa que tenga. Y es que es muy importante entender que para obtener la aprobacià ³n de una visa no inmigrante, como es la de turista, o su renovacià ³n o la garantà ­a de ser admitido al llegar a un control migratorio de los Estados Unidos es necesario ser, en todo momento, elegible para la visa y admisible para ingresar a USA. Estas son  20 causas que convierten a una persona en inelegible  y estas son  22 que la convierten en inadmisible.  ¿Quà © pasa si migracià ³n  no aprueba el ajuste de estatus por matrimonio? Es muy raro que el Servicio de Inmigracià ³n y Ciudadanà ­a (USCIS, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) niegue la aprobacià ³n del I-130, es decir, la parte inicial de la tramitacià ³n donde realmente lo à ºnico que se confirma es que el que pide es un ciudadano y està ¡ casado legalmente con la persona pedida. Nada mà ¡s. El problema surge en ajuste de estatus. Las razones pueden ser muy variadas. Por ejemplo, que se considere que se ingresà ³ a Estados Unidos con la intencià ³n de casarse. Eso puede ser considerado un fraude de ley, ya que implica una mentira cuando se solicità ³ la visa de turista o cuando se cumplimentà ³ la ESTA. Otro problema es cuando se considera que el matrimonio es falso y su à ºnica finalidad es que el cà ³nyuge extranjero obtenga asà ­ los papeles. Esto puede dar lugar a castigos legales, ademà ¡s de no aprobarse la green card. Cabe destacar que, en la actualidad, la negacià ³n de un ajuste de estatus por parte de USCIS es una prioridad para la deportacià ³n. Finalmente, puede negarse la tarjeta de residencia por cualquiera de estas mà ¡s de 40 razones que aplican a todos los casos de solicitudes de residencia. Demoras en la tramitacià ³n de los papeles Aunque las peticiones de green card por matrimonio con ciudadano se encuentran entre las mà ¡s rà ¡pidas, lo cierto es que pueden demorarse varios meses. Es posible aprender cà ³mo verificarlo. Opciones migratorias para pedir al novio o cà ³nyuge En primer lugar, si la pareja no està ¡ casada, el estadounidense puede solicitar una visa de prometido o de novia cuando à ©ste todavà ­a no està ¡ en los Estados Unidos y que es  conocida como K-1. Con esta visa podrà ¡n entrar al paà ­s los prometidos y los hijos de estos. En los casos en los que un ciudadano està ¡ casado con un extranjero y à ©ste està ¡ fuera de los Estados Unidos puede pedirlo mediante un I-130 y luego un procedimiento consular o, en casos muy especà ­ficos puede merecer la pena solicitar una visa K-3, pero es recomendable consultarlo con un abogado migratorio. Por à ºltimo, si el ciudadano vive fuera de los Estados Unidos y està ¡ casado con un extranjero y deciden mudarse a USA tener en cuenta que pueden surgir problemas a la hora de probar ingresos. Asesorarse antes de iniciar los trà ¡mites. Informacià ³n relevante para evitar problemas Para evitar problemas es fundamental estar informado. Este test sobre visas de turista contiene informacià ³n esencial sobre cà ³mo obtenerla y cà ³mo conservarla. Este otro, sobre la autorizacià ³n que se  conoce como ESTA para los ciudadanos de paà ­ses que pueden viajar sin visa. Asimismo, este sobre la tarjeta de residencia permite tener claros puntos fundamentales para obtenerla y para conservarla. Finalmente, tener en cuenta que la informacià ³n de este artà ­culo no aplica a los extranjeros que ingresan ilegalmente en Estados Unidos, ya que no podrà ­an ajustar su estatus por matrimonio con ciudadano. Y en el caso de matrimonio con residente permanente es siempre requisito imprescindible que se està © legalmente en el paà ­s para poder ajustar su estatus. No serà ¡ posible tanto si se entrà ³ ilegalmente como si se ingresà ³ con visa y se quedà ³ mà ¡s tiempo del permitido. Este artà ­culo es informativo. No constituye consejo legal para ningà ºn caso concreto.

Tuesday, May 12, 2020

High School At A Private Catholic School Essay - 799 Words

As Doug and I walked into the room, the old familiar smell of â€Å"band† crept around me. A smell best described as a mix of dirty carpet and metal; the majority of my free time in middle/ high school was spent within the realm. Now 18, and out of high school, I set out to help Doug with his band’s halftime show, due to his shortage of staff, a task which seemed very easy at the time. Following the first day, however, I abruptly found out how difficult the task was and the degree of perseverance needed to be a successful tech. Doug is my cousin’s fiance and the band teacher at a private catholic school. Slender in build, polite and talented, we hadn t spent much time together prior to the upcoming week. But based off of past encounters, I sensed the two of us would easily get along. Before the first day began, Doug had given me a folder containing the show music. The brown cardboard folder, held about twenty pages of show music, with the titles: â€Å"Jurassic Park Fantasy†, â€Å"Indiana Jones†, and â€Å"Stars Wars/E.T†, a playlist meant to honor the famous composer: John Williams. But for the week, Doug noted, we would mainly focus on Jurassic Park. And as I scanned through the pages, it definitely seemed reachable. The rhythms had been simplified to accommodate a high school level and the note ranges also seemed easier. Now sitting in Doug’s office, awaiting the arrival of the children, I asked Doug, â€Å"What’s the plan for today? More importantly... when’s lunch?†. With aShow MoreRelatedA Good Student Is Never An Easy Thing1107 Words   |  5 Pagesworking can definitely wear you down. I always found a love for school, but it never came easy for me. When the workload got too high I would panic and put it off until the last second, or, in some cases, not complete it at all. 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Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Night World Spellbinder Chapter 5 Free Essays

What?† Thea said. This was something she could speak out about. â€Å"Blaise, are you out of your mind?† â€Å"I hope you’re not saying you don’t want to do spells,† Blaise said dangerously. We will write a custom essay sample on Night World : Spellbinder Chapter 5 or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"That’s part of it, you know.† â€Å"I’m saying there’s no way we can get enough blood to fill this without them noticing. What are we going to tell them? ‘I just want a little to remember you by?'† â€Å"Use your ingenuity,† Vivienne said musically, twining a red-gold strand of hair around her fingers. â€Å"In a pinch we could always use the Cup of Lethe,† Blaise added calmly. â€Å"Then no matter what we do, they won’t remember.† Thea nearly fell over. What Blaise was suggesting was like using a nuclear bomb to swat a fly. â€Å"You are crazy,† she said quietly. â€Å"You know that maidens aren’t allowed to use that kind of spell, and we probably won’t even be able to use it when we’re mothers, and probably not even when we’re crones. That’s stuff for the elders.† She stared at Blaise until the gray eyes dropped. â€Å"I don’t believe in classifying some spells as forbidden,† Blaise said loftily, but she didn’t look back at Thea and she didn’t pursue the subject. As she and Dani left the patio, Thea noticed that Dani had taken one of the small vials. â€Å"Are you going to the dance?† â€Å"I guess so.† Dani shrugged lithe shoulders. â€Å"John Finkelstein from our world lit class asked me a couple weeks ago. I’ve never been to one of their dances before-but maybe this is the time to start.† Now what did that mean? Thea felt uneasy. â€Å"And you’re planning to put a spell on him?† â€Å"You mean this?† She twisted the vial in her fingers. â€Å"I don’t know. I figured I’d take it just in case†¦.† She looked up at Thea defensively. â€Å"You took one for Eric.† Thea hesitated. She hadn’t talked to Dani about Eric yet. Part of her wanted to and part of her was scared. What did Dani really think of Outsiders, anyway? â€Å"After all,† Dani said, her sweet face tranquil, â€Å"they’re only humans.† Saturday night Thea took a dress out of the closet. It was pale green-so pale that it almost looked white-and designed along Grecian lines. Witch clothes had to feel good as well as look good, and this dress was soft and lightweight, swirling beautifully when she turned. Blaise wasn’t wearing a dress. She was wearing a tuxedo. It had a red silk bow tie and cummerbund and it looked fantastic on her. This is probably going to be the only dance in history where the most popular girl has on cufflinks, Thea thought. Eric arrived right on time. He knocked at the front door of the shop, the door that only Outsiders used. Night People came around back, to a door that was unmarked except for what looked like a bit of graffiti-a spray-painted black dahlia. Okay, Thea thought. She took a deep breath before she unlocked the door and let him in. This is business, business, business†¦. But the first moment wasn’t as awkward as she’d feared. He smiled and held out a corsage of white orchids. She smiled and took it. Then she said, â€Å"You look nice.† His suit was pale fatigue brown, loose and comfortable looking. â€Å"Me? You look nice. I mean-you look wonderful. That color makes your hair look just like gold.† Then he glanced down at himself apologetically. â€Å"I don’t go to many dances, I’m afraid.† â€Å"Don’t you?† She’d heard girls talking about him at school. It seemed as if everyone liked him, wanted to get close to him. â€Å"No, I’m usually pretty busy. You know, working, playing sports.† He added more softly, â€Å"And I have a hard time thinking of things to say around girls.† Funny, you never seem to have a problem around me, Thea thought. She saw him looking the shop over. â€Å"It’s my grandmother’s store. She sells all kinds of things here, from all around the world.† She watched him closely. This was an important test. If he-a human-believed in this stuff, he was either a New Age geek or dangerously close to the truth. â€Å"It’s cool,† he said, and she was happy to see that he was lying. â€Å"I mean,† he said, obviously struggling to find a polite way to praise the voodoo dolls and wand crystals, â€Å"I think people can really affect their bodies by changing their state of mind.† You don’t know how right you are, Thea thought. There was a clack of high heels on wood, and Blaise came down the stairs. Her shoes appeared first, then her fitted trouser legs, then all the curves, emphasized here and there with brilliant red silk. Finally came her shoulders and head, her midnight hair half up and half down, framing her face in stormy dark curls. Thea glanced sideways at Eric. He was smiling at Blaise, but not in the goofy, dying-sheep way other guys smiled. His was just a genuine grin. â€Å"Hi, Blaise,† he said. â€Å"Going to the dance? We can take you if you need a lift.† Blaise stopped dead. Then she gave him a blistering glare. â€Å"Thank you, I have my own date. I’m just going to pick him up now.† On the way to the door, she looked hard at Thea. â€Å"You do have everything you need for tonight- don’t you?† The vial was in Thea’s pale green clutch purse. Thea still didn’t know how she could possibly get it filled, but she nodded tightly. â€Å"Good.† Blaise swept out and got into a silver-gray Porsche that was parked at the curb. Kevin’s car. But, as Thea knew, she wasn’t going to pick up Kevin. â€Å"I think I made her mad,† Eric said. â€Å"Don’t worry. Blaise likes being mad. Should we go now?† Business, business, business, Thea chanted to herself as they walked into the school cafeteria. It had been completely transformed from its daytime identity. The lights and music were oddly thrilling and the whirl of color out on the dance floor was strangely inviting. I’m not here to have fun, Thea told herself again. But her blood seemed to be sparkling. She saw Eric glance at her conspiratorially and she could almost feel what he was feeling-as if they were two kids standing hand in hand at the edge of some incredible carnival. â€Å"Uh, I should tell you,† Eric said. â€Å"I can’t really dance-except for slow ones.† Oh, great. But of course this was what she was here to do. To put on a show of romancing Eric for Blaise. A slow song was starting that minute. Thea shut her eyes briefly and resigned herself to fate-which didn’t seem all that awful as she and Eric stepped out onto the floor. Terpsichore, Muse of the Dance, help me not make a fool of myself. She’d never been so close to a human boy, and she’d never tried to dance to human music. But Eric didn’t seem to notice her lack of experience. â€Å"You know, I can’t believe this,† he said. His arms were around her lightly, almost reverently. As if he were afraid she’d break if he held her too hard. â€Å"What can’t you believe?† â€Å"Well†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He shook his head. â€Å"Everything, I guess. That I’m here with you. And that it all feels so easy. And that you always smell so good.† Thea laughed in spite of herself. â€Å"I didn’t use any yemonja this time-† she began, and then she almost bit her tongue. Adrenaline washed over her in a wave of painful tingles. Was she crazy? She was blurting out spell ingredients, for Earth’s sake. He was too easy to talk to, that was the problem. Every so often she’d forget he wasn’t a witch. â€Å"You okay?† he said as her silence stretched on. His voice was concerned. No, I am not okay. I’ve got Blaise on one side and the laws of the Night World on the other, and they’re both out to get me. And I don’t even know if you’re worth it†¦. â€Å"Can I ask you something?† she said abruptly. â€Å"Why did you knock me out of the way of that snake?† â€Å"Huh? It was in a striking coil. You could have got bit.† â€Å"But so could you.† So did you. He frowned as if stricken by one of those unsolvable mysteries of life. â€Å"Yeah†¦ but that didn’t seem so bad somehow. I suppose that sounds stupid.† Thea didn’t know how to answer. And she was suddenly in terrible conflict about what to do. Her body seemed to want her to lean her head against Eric’s shoulder, but her mind was yelling in alarm at the very thought. At that moment she heard loud voices at the edge of the dance floor. â€Å"Get out of the way,† a guy in a blue jacket was saying. â€Å"She smiled at me, and I’m going over there.† â€Å"It was me she was smiling at, you jerk,† a guy in a gray jacket snapped back. â€Å"So just back off and let me go.† Expletives. â€Å"It was me, and you’d better get out of the way.† More expletives. â€Å"It was me, and you’d better let go.† A fistfight started. Chaperones came running. Guess who’s here? Thea asked herself. She had no trouble at all locating Blaise. The red-trimmed tuxedo was surrounded by a ring of guys, which was surrounded by a ring of abandoned and angry girls. â€Å"Maybe we should go over and say hi,† Thea said. She wanted to warn Blaise about starting a riot. â€Å"Okay. She sure is popular, isn’t she?† They managed to worm their way through the encircling crowd. Blaise was in her element, glorying in the adulation and confusion. â€Å"I waited for an hour and a half, but you never showed up,† a very pale Kevin was saying to her. He was wearing an immaculate white silk shirt and exquisitely tailored black pants. His eyes were hollow. â€Å"Maybe you gave me the wrong address,† Blaise said thoughtfully. â€Å"I couldn’t find your house.† She had her hand tucked into the arm of a very tall guy with shoulder-length blond hair, who looked as if he worked out four or five hours a day. â€Å"Anyway, you want to dance?† Kevin looked at the blond guy, who looked back impassively, his cleft chin rock hard. â€Å"Don’t mind Sergio,† Blaise said. â€Å"He was just keeping me company. Do you not want to dance?† Kevin’s eyes fell. â€Å"Well, yeah, of course I want to†¦.† As Blaise detached herself from Sergio, Thea leaned forward. â€Å"You’d better not do anything too public,† she hissed in her cousin’s ear. â€Å"There’s already been one fight.† Blaise just gave her an amused glance and took Kevin’s arm. Most of the boys followed her, and with the crowd gone, Thea saw Dani at a small table. She was wearing a sparkling gold dress and she was alone. â€Å"Let’s go sit,† Eric said, before Thea could even get a word out. She threw him a grateful look. â€Å"Where’s John?† Thea asked as they pulled chairs to the table. Dani nodded toward the pack following Blaise. â€Å"I don’t mind, though,† she said, sipping a cup of punch philosophically. â€Å"He was kind of boring. I don’t know about all this dance stuff.† Thea knew she meant it was different from Circle dances, where everyone was in harmony and there was no pairing off. You danced with the elements and with everybody else, all one big interconnected whole. Eric volunteered to get more punch. â€Å"How’s it going with him?† Dani asked in a low voice when he was gone. Her velvety dark eyes searched Thea’s curiously. â€Å"Everything’s okay so far,† Thea said evasively. Then she looked out toward the dance floor. â€Å"I see Viv and Selene are here.† â€Å"Yeah. I think Vivienne already got her blood. She stabbed Tyrone with her corsage pin.† â€Å"How clever,† Thea said. Vivienne was wearing a black dress that made her hair look like flame, and Selene was in deep violet that showed off her blondness. They both seemed to be having a wonderful time. Dani yawned. â€Å"I think I’ll probably go home early-† she began, and then she broke off. Some kind of a disturbance had begun on the other side of the room, in front of the main entrance. People were scuffling. At first, Thea thought it was just another minor fracas over Blaise-but then a figure came staggering out under the lights of the dance floor. â€Å"I want to know,† the voice said in dissonant tones that rose over the music. â€Å"I want to knoooow.† The band stopped. People turned. Something about the voice made them do that. It was so obviously abnormal, the cadence wrong even for somebody who was drunk. This was someone who was disturbed. Thea stood up. â€Å"I want to knoooow,† the figure said again, sounding lost and petulant. Then it turned and Thea felt ice down her spine. The person was wearing a Halloween mask. A kid’s plastic mask of a football player, the kind held on with an elastic string. Perfectly appropriate for a Halloween dance. But at Homecoming, it was grotesque. Oh, Eileithyia, Thea thought. â€Å"Can you tell me?† the figure asked a short girl in black ruffles. She backed away, reaching for her dance partner. Mr. Adkins, Thea’s physics teacher, came jogging up, his tie fluttering. None of the other chaperones seemed to be around-probably because they were out somewhere trying to control fights over Blaise, Thea thought. â€Å"Okay, let’s settle; settle,† Mr. Adkins said, making motions as if the figure were an unruly class. â€Å"Let’s just take it easy†¦.† The guy in the Halloween mask pulled something out of his jacket. It glinted like a rainbow under the colored dance floor lights, reflective as a mirror. â€Å"A straight razor,† Dani said in a hushed voice. â€Å"Queen Ms, where’d he get that?† Something about the weapon-maybe the fact that it was so weird, so old-fashioned-made it scarier than a knife. Thea pictured the way even a safety razor could slice flesh. Mr. Adkins was backing away, arms held out as if to protect the students behind him. His eyes were frightened. I have to stop this, Thea thought. The problem was that she had no idea how. If it had been an animal, she could have stepped out and tried mind control. But she couldn’t control a person. She started walking anyway, slowly, so as not to attract attention. She skirted the edge of the crowd around the dance floor until she drew parallel with the masked guy. Who by now had switched to a new question. â€Å"Have you seen her?† he said. He kept asking it as he walked, and people kept backing away. Vivienne and Selene drew to either side with their dates. The razor glittered. Thea looked toward the opposite end of the dance floor, where Blaise was standing with Kevin Imamura. With no Buck, no Duane to protect her. But Blaise didn’t look frightened. That was one thing about Blaise-she had magnificent physical courage. She was standing with one hand on her hip and Thea could tell that she knew exactly who was coming her way. In between moving couples, Thea glimpsed something else. Eric was on the other side of the dance floor, holding two cups of punch in one hand and one in the other. He was keeping pace with the masked guy, just as she was. She tried to catch his eye, but the crowd was too thick. â€Å"Have you seen her?† the masked guy asked a couple right in front of Blaise. â€Å"I want to knoooow†¦.† The couple split like bowling pins. Blaise stood exposed, tall and elegant in her black suit, lights shimmering off her midnight hair. â€Å"Here I am, Randy,† she said. â€Å"What is it you want to know?† Randy Marik stopped, panting. His breath made a muffled noise against the plastic. The rest of the huge room was eerily silent. Thea moved closer, walking silently. Eric was pulling in from the other side, and he saw her for the first time. He shook his head at her and mouthed, â€Å"Stay away.† Yeah. And you’re going to tackle him armed with three party cups of punch. She gave him a look and mouthed, â€Å"You stay away.† Randy’s hand was trembling, making the razor flash. His chest was heaving. â€Å"What is it, Randy?† Blaise said. The toe of one high heeled shoe tapped the floor impatiently. â€Å"I feel bad,† Randy said. It was almost a moan. Suddenly his head didn’t seem well connected to his neck. â€Å"I miss you.† His voice made Thea’s flesh creep. He sounded like a person with the body of an eighteen-year-old and the mind of a four-year-old. â€Å"I cry all the time,† he said. With his left hand, he pulled off the Halloween mask. Kevin recoiled. Thea herself felt a wave of horror. He was crying blood. Bloody streams ran down from each of his eyes, mingling with regular tears. A spell? Thea wondered. Then she thought, no; he’s cut himself. That was it. He’d made two crescent-shaped incisions under his eyes and the blood was coming from them. The rest of his face was ghastly, too. He was white as a corpse and there was fuzzy stubble on his chin. His eyes stared wildly. And his hair, which had always been strawberry blond and silky, stood up all over his head like bleached hay. â€Å"You came all the way from New Hampshire to tell me that?† Blaise said. She rolled her eyes. Randy let out a sobbing breath. This seemed to make Kevin braver. â€Å"Look, man, I don’t know who you are-but you’d better keep away from her,† he said. â€Å"Why don’t you go home and sober up?† It was a mistake. The wild eyes above the bloodstained cheeks focused on him. â€Å"Who are you?† Randy said thickly, advancing a step. â€Å"Who†¦ are†¦ you?† â€Å"Kevin, move!† Thea said urgently. It was too late. The hand with the razor flashed out, lightning quick. Blood spurted from Kevin’s face. How to cite Night World : Spellbinder Chapter 5, Essay examples

Sunday, May 3, 2020

Marissa Mayer Transactional & Transformational Leadership Style-Sample

Question: Describe about transactional leadership and transformational leadership styles. Answer: Leaders have the duty and obligation of inspiring their superiors and employees so that they will feel obligated to take action towards realising the goals of the organisation. However, every leader has their own style of leading others but at the end of the day ensure that the goals are accomplished.When employees and staff comprehend what the changes that need to be done are and adhere to them, then that is a clear indication that the leader is using the right style of leadership. During times of crisis, the way a leader goes by his task will determine the type of response the followers have towards the crisis. Transactional leadership majorly puts its focus on connection between the leaders and their followers towards achieving the set goals while Transformational leadership focuses on the leader putting their whole concertation on what is important and what needs to be accomplished by their followers (Hameed, 2013). Transactional Leadership Style Transactional leadership is a style in which leaders encourageobedience by team membersby means of usingrecompenses and penances. It mostly focuses on administration, organisation and teamenactment. Unlike transformational style of leadership, this approach does not consider changing the future but rather keeping things the way they are. The primary focus of such leaders is to keep track of and monitor the performance of followers to find any trace of deviations or mistakes (Abuorabl, 2012). It is most effective in cases of emergency or crisis because the leaders are expected to set the goals of the organisation, communicate what the followers expectation are and stipulate on how the followers will be rewarded for their efforts. This style of leadership is mostly operational in companies that have grown past the frenzied phase of growth. Just like Bill Gates the CEO of Microsoft company who used the transactional style of leadership where he used to visit teams that were working on the new projects and asked them hard and tough questions. When they answered his questions correctly, then he would be satisfied and will know that they are heading to the right direction towards achieving the set goals. Today, Bill Gates is one of the richest people in the world, aided by the transactional leadership style. It institutes and regulates the practices that will make the organisation reach the maturity stage by putting emphasis on the goals, production of tasks and increase of efficiency. These type of leaders put their central concentration on improving the productivity of the already established procedures and customs and following the rules that exist than implementing changes to the organisation of the company. They use an exchange model where rewards are given for good performance and positive progress in followers (Hartley, 2010). In times of crisis and emergency, transactional leaders can execute punishment for any justified poor performance in employees or negative results until the crisis is brought under control. They manage each sector or tasks individually to make sure that it is completed (Benington, 2010). What they focus on contingent reward is given when the goals set are accomplished successfully, and contingent penalization is given when the performance quality is below the standards. With transactional leadership being more managerial in style, it acts as the foundation for the transformational leadership style that applies on the higher needs level rather than lower needs like transactional leadership. A transactional leader operatesby creating detailed structures that clarify what is anticipated of the followers and the recompenses they get for adhering to the rules and regulations; the punishment part is not usually stated out, but the followers are conscious of it and know that the formal systems of discipline exist. When a follower is allocated a specific task, they are fully responsible for everything, whether they are capable of performing it or not and whether the resources for executing it are available or not (Ivey, 2008). Transformational Leadership Style Transformational is a leadership style by which the organisational manager or the overall leader works with the juniors to ascertain any change that needs to be implemented, generate a vision to chaperon through inspiration and put forth change in line with dedicated team members. This type of leadership style serves the purpose of enhancing the confidence of followers together with their job performance and motivation to execute their various duties. Transformational leaders manage to do all the above by connecting the followers feeling of identity and sense of character to a mission and the shared distinctiveness of the company (Keel, 2007). Transformational leaders have the aspiration, resolution, and expertise to execute the necessary changes and recognise the basics of transformational leadership. With this, they will accomplish the degree of change needed in any dynamic environment and handle crisis critically. In their book, Leadership and Organizational Commitment: Transactional And Transformational Leadership Vs. Organizational Commitment Sabir, Anwar and Hameed said that the rarest resource in the world today is the leadership talent that can reform organisations recurrently to win in the world of the future generation. Sabir et.al. (2013). An organisation to be transformed faster and prepare it for a future success needs to have skilled transformational leaders. An organisations future depend on how many transformational leaders it has, it can be one or all of them. They will be very substantial in cases of any changes and crisis management. An example of a CEO who used the transformational leadership style and was successful throughout is Marissa Mayer, the CEO of Yahoo company. She joined the company of Google and was an employee before becoming the CEO of Yahoo. She had to make tough decisions that later on cost her but kept on pushing alongside her employees whom she inspired all the way. Despite the losses that Yahoo at one time incurred, her influence and charisma saw her through solving the crisis. The critics from the competitors did not have any impact on her goals for the company, the cooperative and loyal employees were with her all the way. Transformational leaders act as the role models of their followers for them to get inspired and raise their interest in ensuring the well-being of the organisation. The staff will respect a leader who possesses the qualities of a good leader, however, if the leader does not have the qualities, then he or she will not be considered as a role model by anyone. A transformational leader will challenge the followers to take considerable responsibility for their work and give it their devotion, he or she will know the strengths and weaknesses of followers and with this, will be able to assign the followers with tasks that boost their performance and fit their abilities and skills (Abuorabl, 2012). These leaders hold positive expectations for their followers and believe that each of the followers can do to their level best. Because of this, the followers getmotivated,endowed and inspired to surpass their normal levels of enactment cultivating them to become loyal and high performers. With their full loyalty and participation, even in times of crisis or change, it will be very easy to handle issues and bring back the order and therefore the continuation of an organisations development and success. According to the various studies carried out, it has become evident that transformational leadership styles are associatedwith progressive aftermaths in comparison to other styles of leadership including transactional leadership style (Bertocci, 2009). Charisma, one of the qualities a transformational leader gets from the ability to motivate and inspire followers, is a variable most powerfullyconnected to leader efficiency. Other works indicate that transformational leadership is relat edclearly with worker outcomes plusobligation, cooperation, clarity of task, and welfare (Coppola, 2011). A good example is that of Nelson Mandela who used the transformational leadership style during the time when he was working with other leaders to abolish apartheid in South Africa. His recurring emphasis for forgiveness contributed towards the eradication of racial separation in South Africa because of the influence he had on people, until today, he is the role model of so many people, old and young altogether because of his transformational leadership qualities. Transactional Leadership Style vs. Transformational Leadership Style In contradiction to transformational leadership, transactional leadership styles concentrate on the use of awards and penalties to achieve assent from followers. Transformational leaders look towards altering the future to motivate followers and achieve goals, while transactional leaders pursue to maintain the status quo, not aiming for progress. Studies have shown transformational leadership practices traverse to higher satisfaction with the leader among followers and better leader efficiency, while transactional applications result in higher follower job satisfaction and leader job performance (Shumate, 2011). Transformational leadership and transactional leadership are the two management styles that are usually associated the most. Scholars have distinguished the two styles and explained that transactional leader is leaders who exchange touchable rewards for the loyalty and work of followers. Transformational leaders are those who participate with followers, put emphasis on higher order key requirements, and rise awareness concerning the importance of explicit outcomes and new ways whereby those results might be attained (Keel, 2007). Transactional leaders tend to be more inactive as transformational managers establish active behaviours that comprise of providing a sense of duty. Transactional leadership is a powerful motivator whereby there are tangible rewards that have proven to be reliable motivation tool. Most followers or employees need a job to pay their bills and other requirements and would do things faster and effectively just to be rewarded, including implementing changes in times of crisis. Especially when short-term results are needed fast, like in crisis management, for instance providing extra payment for the sales persons to meet a surge in holiday demand or proposing a vacation time to a team of employees working on a project if they finish it by a specific deadline are operational styles to solving instantaneous financial and organisational problems (Zumitzavan, 2015). While the transformational style of leadership may yield more long-lasting results, it does not, however, giveprecisedirections as to who should accomplish what in which manner and how. On the other hand, with transactional style, there is almost no room for misinterpretations as each party knows exactly what their responsibilities are. It is a simple style and will cost low, and that is the reason it will be useful in implementing changes and managing a crisis in an organisation (Michie, 2015). Most leaders can perform it because it does not require one to possess personal traits like charisma and inspiration nor does it need training. Its primary focus is achieving the goals set at the end of the day. References Abuorabl, T. (2012). The Impact of Transformational And Transactional Leadership Characteristics On Motivation, Job Satisfaction And Trust: Jordanian universities. Top of Form Bertocci, D. I. (2009). Leadership in Organizations: There is a difference between leaders and managers. Lanham, Md: University Press of America. Hartley, J., Benington, J. (2010). Leadership for Healthcare. Bristol: Policy Press. Horsford, S. D. (2010). New Perspectives in Educational Leadership: Exploring social, political, and community contexts and meaning. New York: Peter Lang. Ivey, G. (2008). Transformational and active transactional leadership: Manifestation, effects, and followers' expectations across hierarchical levels in the Canadian military. Ottawa: Library and Archives Canada = Bibliothequeet Archives Canada. Keel, J. M. (2007). The Relationship between Leadership Style, Work-Family Interface, and Parenting Style in Police Officers. Landy, F. J., Conte, J. M. (2010). Work In The 21st Century: An introduction to industrial and organizational psychology. Malden, Mass: Wiley-Blackwell. Ledlow, G. R., Coppola, M. N. (2011). Leadership for Health Professionals: Theory, skills, and applications. Sudbury, Mass: Jones and Bartlett. Ramos, O. (2007). A Leadership Perspective for Understanding Police Suicide: An analysis based on the suicide attitude questionnaire. Boca Raton, Fla: Dissertation.com. Sabir, M. S., Anwar, N., Hameed, R. M. (2013). Leadership and Organizational Commitment: Transactional and Transformational Leadership Versus Organizational Commitment: A Test On Uk Manufacturing Industry. Saarbrucken: LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing. Shumate, R. L. (2011). Transformational Versus Transactional Leadership: Which perceived leadership style has the stronger relationship between teacher efficacy and student achievement?. Zumitzavan, V., Michie, J. (2015). Personal Knowledge Management, Leadership Styles, And Organisational Performance: A case study of the healthcare industry in Thailand.